Skip to main content

Ten Tantalising Truths - John Gribbin ****

Veteran British science writer John Gribbin has produced a number of excellent short titles of late in the form of handsome little hardbacks along the lines of 'N somethingly somethings' - for example, Six Impossible Things and Eight Improbable Possibilities. In his latest, we get ten tantalising truths.

The book is subtitled 'why the sky is blue and other big answers to simple questions': in his preface, Gribbin tells us that these are all genuine questions he has been asked by younger members of his family. Amongst the topics are why the sky is dark at night, where did everything come from, why does blood taste salty like the sea, and why are men bigger than women (as well as that blue sky one).

Some of these are very familiar; others, even for adults, are in the realm of 'hmm, I never thought of that'. It might seem that what's being done here is similar to Alom Shaha's Why Don't Things Fall Up, but though there are overlaps, they are very different books. Both are suitable for beginners in science, and both happen to use 'why is the sky blue?' as one of their starting points. But Shaha's book is more about building a wide picture of science, starting from basic questions, and sticking to the science with very little context. By contrast, Gribbin takes each point and uses it both to bring in some history of science and to dive into a little more depth, while staying approachable. I liked both books and would say they are more complementary than competitive.

To get a feel for the approach here, let's look at a couple of the topics in a little more detail. In exploring why the sky is dark at night we start with the obvious - there's no Sun visible then - then jump to Thomas Digges in 1576, musing that there should be stars in all directions, but the distant ones would be too faint to see. Gribbin then develops the story with famous characters like Kepler and less so such as Jean-Philippe Loys de Chéseaux, leading onto Olbers and Poe who will be familiar to anyone who has read about this before. At the end of a parade of ideas, presented with enough context to never make it seem dull, we get a twist in the tail that brings in the big bang and seeing (or, rather, not seeing) the cosmic fireball in the gaps between the stars.

Gribbin usually sticks to physics, astronomy and cosmology, so it's interesting to see him venture into biology with a couple of questions, such as 'why are men bigger than women?'. As he points out straight away, of course not all men are bigger than all women, but around the world, the population averages for men's height are bigger than women's averages. We get a little introduction to natural selection before noting that 'men being larger than women must have been a successful evolutionary "strategy" for our ancestors'. (I think this isn't strictly true as evolution can produce characteristics that are not helpful if they are side effects of something that is particularly beneficial, but let's leave that aside.) In many species, though, particularly insects, the females are bigger. We then explore reproductive strategies before coming to the viewpoint that relative male size in mammals often reflects the number of females the male is in a group with.

The questions may have come from youngsters, but the writing style here is very much for an adult audience. I enjoyed it, though I would have preferred to have had more topics that were less frequently covered - it seemed odd to finish with the blue sky one, which crops up extremely frequently in popular science writing. Even so, a good addition to this elegant little collection.

Hardback:   
Kindle 
Using these links earns us commission at no cost to you
Review by Brian Clegg - See all Brian's online articles or subscribe to a weekly email free here

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

The Decline and Fall of the Human Empire - Henry Gee ****

In his last book, Henry Gee impressed with his A (Very) Short History of Life on Earth - this time he zooms in on one very specific aspect of life on Earth - humans - and gives us not just a history, but a prediction of the future - our extinction. The book starts with an entertaining prologue, to an extent bemoaning our obsession with dinosaurs, a story that leads, inexorably towards extinction. This is a fate, Gee points out, that will occur for every species, including our own. We then cover three potential stages of the rise and fall of humanity (the book's title is purposely modelled on Gibbon) - Rise, Fall and Escape. Gee's speciality is palaeontology and in the first section he takes us back to explore as much as we can know from the extremely patchy fossil record of the origins of the human family, the genus Homo and the eventual dominance of Homo sapiens , pushing out any remaining members of other closely related species. As we move onto the Fall section, Gee gives ...

The Autobiography – Charles Darwin ****

I have to confess to putting off reading this book until the last moment, as I expected it to be a typical piece of Victorian sentimental unreadable stodge. I was wrong. Darwin’s little book (only 150 small pages with appendices) was originally written for his own children, and displays a very personal style of writing – though, as son Francis comments, his style was always more populist than was common then: “In writing he sometimes showed the same strong tendency to strong expressions that he did in conversation. Thus in the Origin, p440, there is a description of a larvel [sic] cirripede ‘with six pairs of beautifully constructed natatory legs, a pair of magnificent compound eyes and extremely complex antennae’. We used to laugh at him for this sentence, which we compared to an advertisement.” The main book is delightful because it demonstrates Darwin’s self-depreciating modesty, and the fascinating path he took from enthusiastic shooter of game, to amateur geologist (still his...

Zero Degrees of Empathy [The Science of Evil] – Simon Baron-Cohen ***

I’ve been a real fan of previous books by Simon Baron-Cohen like  The Essential Difference , so opening this was one was a pleasant prospect. What I found was a book that wasn’t  bad … but that could have been a lot better. I got the impression of a book that had been rushed out without a lot of work going into it. The thesis at the heart of the book – that one of the important ‘circuits’ of the brain is the one dealing with empathy, and that individuals sit on an empathy spectrum, with some residing at zero degrees of empathy – is an interesting one. Baron-Cohen introduces us to three key personality types he defines as ‘zero-negative’ including psychopaths, plus types that are ‘zero-positive’ like those with Asperger’s. In a way both of these definitions are odd, in that his zero-negatives can actually have a lot of the kind of empathy that involves being able to read another person’s emotional state, and his zero-negatives can have a lot of the kind of empathy i...